Guilds.

. " There are fixed general annual meetings of the collegium for business . "We have seen the same in the Anglo-Saxon Guild . " The collegium and the Guild have also severally their reunions , at Avhich to feast and disport themselves . ¦ " The collegium and the Guild subsist through the contributions of then- members . Their business ancl their pleasure depend upon these exactions . " The collegium and the Guild correct their disobedient members by mulcts ancl

fines . " They both have a common chest , and they both may and do hold landed estate . " The societies of the collegium are brethren as AA'ell as contributories . "Nothing is better defined than the same feature in the Guild also . " The sodales suppoi'ted their poor , and comforted their sick brethren . " We have seen this in the Guild .

" The collegium and the Guild could make hye-la \ A s for then- respective regulation . " When a sodalis died the surviving brethren followed him to the grave , or to its Eoman equiA'alent . "The same kindly spirit is enforced in the Anglo-Saxon as AA'ell as in the old English Guild . " The collegium was a corporation .

" The Guild Avas unequivocally the same . In the dearth of Avords of precision Avhieh folloAved upon the disuse of the Latin language in this country , the Avord Avas assumed ancl continued to late days to express a commune—the same thing . * " We haA'e found also in one of the Anglo-Saxon Guilds mention made of tho brethren suing in the aggregate . " Lastlyas the pagan sodalities met on the day of violets and the day of the rose

, to commemorate the death of brethren in the maimer AA'hich has been mentioned , so the Christian Guild at all times of its history in this country met similarly on stated days for an analogous commemoration of those Avho had preceded them Avith the sign of faith , to use the Avords of the old office of memento .

" I think that these resemblances are so striking , and so nearly connected Avith the essence of each , that the common similarity can mean nothing less than the identity of the IAVO institutions—the collegium and the Guild . " And it does not , I think , conflict AA'ith this conclusion that the collegium could not be constituted Avithout authority , Avhile it is more than probable that no such difficulty existed in regard to the Anglo-Saxon Guild . t But any authorisation , besides

not being of the essence of the institution , Avould be out of the question in-those days of irregular liberty Avhich succeeded the dislocation of Britain from the empire . " Still less does it affect that identity for AAdiich I have contended , that amongst all the purposes for Avhich collegia , so far as Ave ICUOAA ' , Avere instituted , there is no mention made of mutual assurance . For , as it Avas the machinery and system which made a collegeAvhatever the object might bethe institution was still a collegebeing like tlie

, , , sun in Horace , ' aliusque et idem . '" [ We think our readers Avill be pleased to read these lucid statements and interesting details . —En . ]