Social Problems And Their Peaceful Solution.

share of work , be it bodily or be it mental , to Avhich he can turn himself , and thus play his allotted part in the great drama of life . If even it were not every man ' s bounden duty to make himself useful to his fellows , he would , if he possessed a rightly constituted mindturn his attention

, thitherward of choice ; for can Ave conceive a more contemptible , yet withal pitiable , object than the man whose career is so purposeless that be drags through life merely to have at last written as his epitaph — "he existed ?"

In primitive times the sole object of labour was to procure the means of subsistence , but as man increased upon the earth , certain of the number must be told off for purposes of preserving order ancl the like ; hence the origin of different occupations . Next Ave should find Avork divided into various branches , to which different branches individuals would turn

more particular attention , and from this would result what we know as the division of labour . All these various divisions , again , Avould have to be worked up into one harmonious whole , and thus another class of workmen would spring into existence . Next Ave should find that as the

family became families , families tribes , tribes nations , and so on , and as the resources of the countries thus spread over and populated became apparent , so would arise various occupations and ultimately manufactures . Such products and

manufactures would gradually be found to be wanted in other countries than those in which they were originally produced , and thus would arise a system of barter . In process of time this bartering Avould not be found to be altogether satisfactory , as

one might wish to sell and another to buy , whilst the latter could offer to the former nothing at that time necessary to him in lieu of the purchase , and here would arise the necessity of some handy medium of exchange , such medium , however ,

possessing some intrinsic value ; and thus would come into existence—money . This system of trade and commerce being thus established , it is evident that there Avould be necessary not only the actual producers of the materia ] , but also the vendors of it , ancl ultimately those Avho should act asarbitrators betAveen the various bodies of producers and vendors , and thus in

2 irocess of time would arise statesmen as conservators of the Avealth of nations . Such conservators must necessarily be properly fitted , by education ancl position , for their share in the working out of the prosperity of the nation , and thus can be roughly deduced the necessity of the

existence of various grades in society , whilst at the same time can . be clearly seen the truth of our proposition , that there is work of some kind or other for every man to do . It is now quite evident that the

comparative Avealth of every nation Avould be represented by the value of its productions . The value of such productions Avould be regulated partly by the profusion , or otherwise , with Avhich their materials were yielded by naturepartly by the skill

, exerted in the working up of such materials , partly by the industry of the manipulators , and partly by the necessity others hacl for the employment of the products in question and their consequent purchase . Thus Ave

find established the beginning of the principle of supply and demand . Continuing our investigations we should find that as the demand increased , so would the value of the article grow , unless the price were kept down by an increased supply . Again - the supply being enlasgcdthe

, , value of individual articles of such supply would be regulated by their approach to perfection consequent upon the amount of skill exerted in their manufacture . Thus , the workman Avould in process of time be paid partly according to his skilful

manipulation and partly according to the demand for his handiwork—that is , of course , if there were no unfair interests opposed to him . ' Now what is the true state of the case % As we have seenthere are various classes

, concerned either directly or indirectly in the production or disposal of all commodities , and thus we find class interests brought into existence , for each ancl every of these individuals must live out of the

sale of the production ; that is to say , that out of the price paid by the consumer for any commodity , various shares of the profits must be allotted to the various classes concerned in its sale ; such as the grower or raiser to the surface of the raw material , the manufacturer Avith his subordinate hands , the shipper , the wholesale agent