Appendix.

APPENDIX .

It is very desirable that those who have the opportunity should follow the laudable example set by Mr . Creed , and hel p this society to record the Mason ' s marks on the buildings within its district . A collection of those , which probably exist at Lanercost , Holme Cultram , Calder Abbey , and Shap ; at Calcl beck , Dearham , Crosthwaite , and other churches ; and on military and other secular buildings , might tend to the development of some general law as to these little understood marks .

Attention was first drawn to them by Mr . G . Godwin , F . R . S . and F . S . A ., the editor of The Builder , in his letters to Sir Henry Ellis , K . H ., F . RS ., secretary S . A ., dated December 11 th , 1841 , and February 2 nd , 1843 , and printed in the Archteologia , vol . xxx ., p . 113 , with five plates of marks to the number of 158 , taken from Gloucester and Bristol Cathedrals , Furness and Malmesbury Abbeys , St . Mary ' s , Redcliffe , Cheetham College , Manchester , from churches at Poitiers and Cologne , including the Cathedral at that place . Mr . Godwin suggested

that—These marks , if extensively examined ancl compai-ed , might serve to aid in connecting , ancl perhaps discriminating , the various bands of operatives who , under the protection of the Church , mystically united , spread themselves over Europe during- the Middle Ages , and are known as Freemasons . At the meeting of the British Archasological Association , held at Canterbury in 1844 , Mr . Godwin read a paper on the marks on Canterbury Cathedral . He said : —

These marks appear to have been made simply to distinguish tlie work of different individuals ( the same is clone at this time in all large works ) , but the circumstance that , although found in different countries , and on works of very different ages , they arc in numerous cases the same , and that many are religions and symbolical , aud are still used iu modern Freemasonry , led him to infer that they were used by system , and that the system was the same in England , Germany , and Franco . —Arclwological Journal , vol I ., p . 382 .

Mr . Godwin continued the subject in The Builder , vol . 27 ( 1869 ) p . 237 , and at pages 245 , 246 , he gave between 500 and 600 marks taken from England , Scotland , Ireland , Italy , France , the Tyrol , Switzerland , Sweden , Germany , Austria , Spain , Portugal , and the Holy Land . From the Cathedral at Carlisle , and from the buildings in its precincts , Mr . Creed has collected the following examples : —

Nave walls ( date 1101 to 1133 ) outside ... ... ... ... 39 „ „ inside ... ... ... ... 42 Choir walls , outside ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 . 5 Choir walls , inside and main Piers of Arcades ... ... ... 43 Triforium , Tower , Stairs , and Passages ... ... ... ... 34 , Tithe Bam ( end of 15 th century ) ... ... ... ... 19 Fratry ( mainly end of 15 th century ) ... ... ... ... 65 Abbey Gates ( beginning 16 th century ) ... ... ... ... 14 The outside

Deanery ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 Canon Chalker's house ( end of 17 th century ) ... ... ... 5 316 If we exclude four of the number as being the initials of Pri r Thomas Gondibour ( T . G . or G . alone ) , and make also an allowance for the same mark occurring in more than one of the above divisions , we get nearly 300 Mason ' s

marks from Carlisle Cathedral and its precincts . It would occupy too much space to go in detail through the Carlisle marks , but a few of them may be mentioned . The hour-glass form , X or closed X , occurs in nearly twenty different variations , from the simple saltire , or St . Andrew ' s Cross , to more complicated forms . An instance of the pure hour-glass will be found in No . 7 in the examples from the Deanery , plate iv . The hour-glass is found on the stones of Carthage , and Mr . Godwin gives examples from all quarters from the eleventh to the fifteenth