Notes By An Occasional Scottish Correspondent.

Mr . Henderson is enhanced from the fact of his honour and probity being vouched for in public journals in Scotland . Mr . Henderson proceeds as follows : — " What part of the United States ought farmers ,

farm labourers , or mechanics to go to ? I say , emphatically , that they ought not to stop short of the north-western States , namely , Illinois , Wisconsin , Iowa , Minnesota , Missouri , or Nebraska , because in these States all kinds of labour is in

demand . New cities are rising up ; new railroads are being built . In those seven States one million of farm houses are built annually , and millions of acres of new lands are opened to the plough every year . If a labourer lands on the

west bank of the Mississippi river there will be ten men competing with each other to employ him , while in New York or Massachussets the supply is already greater than the demand , and the continued flow of emigration to New York ,

Boston , and Montreal of labourers whose means of going further is exhausted , and are compelled to work for nearly one-half of what they could receive in the Western States . Last summer farm labourers in New York got from 1-5 dollars to

. 20 dollars , or from £ 8 to £ 4 sterling per month , while farmers west of the great lakes were paying from 25 to 35 dollars , or £ 5 to £ 7 sterling . la the State of Iowa we were compelled to send an agent east , and employ farm hands and mechanics , pay their transportation westward , in addition to

their wages , m order to carry on the operation of our farms , railroads , and building . A house carpenter in the Eastern States could only get one dollar SO cents , per day , while in the West he could get two dollars 50 cents ., or a difference of

7 s . and 12 s . per day ; the only exception to this was in favour of masons and bricklayers , who could get just as much for a days' work in New York as in Iowa city , viz ., 3 dollars to 3 s . dollars 25 cents , per day . The reason for this is obvious ;

houses in the Eastern States are built mostly of stone or brick , while in the West they are built mostly of wood . The same is true of bridges and culverts of railroads . As to the Southern States they are not yet in a state to invite emigrants

from Europe ; too many of the settlers in the south carry the law in their belt , and they have been too long used to regard the ' code of honour ' as higher than statute law . General Grant and the ' boys in blue' are the only equals that the Southern is willing to acknowledge . The

slaveholder has been too long accustomed to live by the sweat of other men ' s brows , aud of pocketing the money earned by his slave , to be willing to pay a good price for the labour of white men , who he ree-ards as the ' miidsils of creation . ' The Yankees

from the iNorth Eastern States are the best men to settle in the South , and not the European emigrant , but the time is not far distant when it will be just as safe to settle in Florida as in Iowa ; but that will be when it will be as great a crime to

kill a black man as a white one , and when a black man ' s evidence is admissable in every court , civil or criminal , in every Southern State . In Kansas , Nebraska , Dakota , Minnesota , and Iowa there are millions of acres of land still to be taken up , and

more beautiful and fertile than any in Great Britain ; and in 20 years from now these lands will be cultivated and inhabited by the white men , covered with neat farm houses and thriving villages , and towns and cities . Orchards and wheatfields

will glow where the buffalo now roams . All English travellers who have visited the Missouri River Valley acknowledge that it is indisputably ' the garden of the world , ' having a rich alluvial soil from three to five feet deep , without stone or

gravel to dull the ploughshare or obstruct the reaping machine ; traversed by mighty rivers , beside which the Thames or Clyde sink into insignificance . This vast country is capable of sustaining a population of two hundred and forty millions

—an empire itself , and destined ultimately to diffuse its lanp-uap-e and its law over the whole globe . These rich and beautiful lands are to be given to actual settlers in lots of 80 acres to single men , and 160 acres to married men , by complying with the conditions of the Homestead Bill passed

by Congress in 1861 . The conditions of the bill are that the claimant , if a foreigner , shall declare his intentions of becoming a citizen of the United States , and that he shall improve the land and live on the same at least one month of each year for

five years , at the end of which he will receive a patent in fee simple , ' without money and without price . ' The United States also granted to the several States one million of acres of the public lands to create a permanent educational fund so

that all children between five and 21 years of age shall be educated free—the children of the foreigner having the same right to attend school as the children of the citizen , so that the United States is really the land of free schools , free lands , free speech , and free men .