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  • Jan. 30, 1869
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The Freemasons' Monthly Magazine, Jan. 30, 1869: Page 4

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    Article ON THE PROTO-ETHNIC CONDITION OF ASIA MINOR, THE KHALUBES (OHALYBES), IDÆI DACTYLI, AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE MYTHOLOGY OF IONIA. ← Page 2 of 3 →
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On The Proto-Ethnic Condition Of Asia Minor, The Khalubes (Ohalybes), Idæi Dactyli, And Their Relations With The Mythology Of Ionia.

another of the same name , each Ida and each Olympus had the same legends . The measure necessary to arrive finally at a correct decision is the unravelling of this skein . All this is a Avork of time and labour . For my own part , I cannot yet effect it ; I can only make

public those conclusions at Avhich I have now arrived , Avith the wish that my errors may be corrected , ancl that the right channels I indicate may be properly explored . It is essentially necessary to profit by Avhat Ave knoAV of Avestern Asia Minor , treating it not as a

Greek country , but as a barbarian country into which the Greeks penetrated . My present vieAV of its ethnological strata is these : — The Hellenic , Greeks , and allied tribes . The Iberian . The Amazon or Tibeto-Caucasians . The Khalubes and hill tribes , possibly of more than one stock .

It is questionable Avhether any descendants of the Greeks remain in Asia Minor . Those socalled , are partly of Tibeto-Caucasian stock , aud partly , possibly , of Iberian . Tho Amazons , or Tibeto-Caucasians , are represented in situ by Lazians , Suans or Tsanni , and Georgians . It is

possible that some of the hill tribes were allied to the other existing Caucasian nations . It is not here attempted to determine what the Khalubes were , but , in the main , they must have been ethnologically separate from the succeeding Amazon populations , and perhaps included earlier

aborigines mixed up Avith them . The natural key to a comprehension of Asia Minor in the Hellenic period , is India with Aryans in the north , and its Dravidians in the south , with Aryan speaking Dravidians , and wifcli the hilt tribes , of various physical features , speaking Aryan , Dravidian , ancl Tibeto-Caucasian languages , or mixtures of these , ancl possibly retaining relics of earlier languages .

It is particularly desirable to bear in mind these hill tribes , tributary , held as inferiors , barbarians , brutes , and outcasts , given to bloody superstitions and yet exercising an influence , by their own superstitions ou the superstitions of the inhabitants of the plain . Our Hon . Member , Mr . W .

W . Hunter , in the " Rural annals of Bengal , " shows that if the Aryans have influenced the non-Argans , so have the non-Aryans influenced them . At each epoch in Asia Minor the remnant of aborigines in the hills would be growing smaller , and approaching extinction because in tlie case

, of the smelters they were small in numbers under most circumstances , as their market Avas small , andAvhen a great manufacture sprang tip , thehills Avere filled Avith strangers , and also from to time the other races took refuge in the hills . The blood of the Khalubes may still flow in the veins

of some of the inhabitants of Lazistan , but their language and nationality must be lost , unless so fir as special relics may yet be identifiable .

It will be most convenient to proceed at once to treat the subject without building up step by step . ] . Beginning at the end we have the Khalubes of Xenophon in Pouttts , now Lazistan , among the mountains ( Xenoph . Anal , v . ) They Avorked iron ,

and formeily silver . Stephanus Byzantinus places Khalubes on the Thermodon , Avhich is supposed to be erroneous , but in Avhich he is very likely right . Pliny ( B . vi . ch . 19 ) speaks of Armeno-Khalubes to the east . These Avere very likely -an

eastern extension of smelting tribes . The statements of the later historians , that the Khalubes and the Chaktei Avere the same , is an

error . At Oonieh , formerly G 3 noe , in Pontus , in the neighbourhood of the Khalubes , Hamilton ( vol . i . p . 275 ) found people , a feAV years ago , Avorking iron Avith charcoal . This appears to have been htematite as in the Besh Parmak mountains . The

Oonieh iron was sent to Constantinople . 2 . Khalubes are placed by Herodotus ( B . i . 28 ) between the Mariandyni and Paphlagones , at that time in the empire of Crcesus . This has been contested , but it is most likely right . 3 . These Khalubes are possibly connected with

Pessinos , in Galatia , in the south . As this was a great temple of Cybele , I place here a tribe of Khalubes , represented by the Galli , priests of Cybele , AVIIO , it is to be observed , have no ethnological connection Avith the subsequent Gallic invaders .

4 . Khalubes in Phrygia generally as connected Avith the Avorship of Cybele . 5 . Daktyli , or Finger Khalubes , in the Five-Finger Mountains of Caria , opposite Tralles , to the south of the Maander river .

Tin ' s district , IIOAV called the Besh Parmak Mountains , is the place Avhere the Chingani , or Gypsys , are UOAV working htematite iron . AVith these were connected the Korubantes and Kurctes , priests of Cybele , in Mount Latmus , and the other mountains forming the termination of

the chain of Messogis . 6 . Idas ! Daktyli—Daktyls , or Fingers of Mount Ida—a colony of the Five Fingers , brouo'ht iu for the purpose of Avorking iron . There Avere possibly Daktyls ou Mount Sipylus , near Smyrnaa great shrine of Cybele .

, The foreign colonies or extensions Avere : — A . In Satnofchrace , Lemnos , and it is to be suspected , in the European districts from the names of Olympus . Samothrace was a great seat of Cy beh ' ne mysteries , and represented by the Kabeiri .

B . In Crete , a colony of Daktyls carried over by Mygdou , or Minos , aud Avho introduced the legends of Ida in Asia ( Diodorus Siculus , v . 64 ) . C . In Cyprus the Daktyls discovered iron ( Clemens Alexandrinus , Strom , i . p . 362 ) .

“The Freemasons' Monthly Magazine: 1869-01-30, Page 4” Masonic Periodicals Online, Library and Museum of Freemasonry, 11 July 2025, django:8000/periodicals/mmr/issues/mmr_30011869/page/4/.
  • List
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Title Category Page
MASONIC LIFEBOAT FUND. Article 1
BRO. MORRIS AND BRO. FINDEL. Article 2
ON THE PROTO-ETHNIC CONDITION OF ASIA MINOR, THE KHALUBES (OHALYBES), IDÆI DACTYLI, AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE MYTHOLOGY OF IONIA. Article 3
Untitled Article 5
MASONIC NOTES AND QUERIES. Article 6
CORRESPONDENCE. Article 6
THE MYSTIC NUMBERS. Article 6
"CRUX" ON THE LODGE OF GLASGOW ST. JOHN. Article 6
THE TRUE RELIGION OF FREEMASONRY. Article 7
HISTORICAL FREEMASONRY. Article 8
ZETLAND COMMEMORATION FUND. Article 10
THE LATE EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN. Article 11
MASONIC MEMS. Article 12
ROYAL MASONIC BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. Article 12
METROPOLITAN. Article 14
PROVINCIAL. Article 16
SCOTLAND. Article 19
IRELAND. Article 19
AUSTRALIA. Article 20
METROPOLITAN LODGE MEETINGS, ETC., FOR THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 6TH, 1869. Article 20
MASONIC LIFEBOAT FUND. Article 20
TO CORRESPONDENTS. Article 20
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.

On The Proto-Ethnic Condition Of Asia Minor, The Khalubes (Ohalybes), Idæi Dactyli, And Their Relations With The Mythology Of Ionia.

another of the same name , each Ida and each Olympus had the same legends . The measure necessary to arrive finally at a correct decision is the unravelling of this skein . All this is a Avork of time and labour . For my own part , I cannot yet effect it ; I can only make

public those conclusions at Avhich I have now arrived , Avith the wish that my errors may be corrected , ancl that the right channels I indicate may be properly explored . It is essentially necessary to profit by Avhat Ave knoAV of Avestern Asia Minor , treating it not as a

Greek country , but as a barbarian country into which the Greeks penetrated . My present vieAV of its ethnological strata is these : — The Hellenic , Greeks , and allied tribes . The Iberian . The Amazon or Tibeto-Caucasians . The Khalubes and hill tribes , possibly of more than one stock .

It is questionable Avhether any descendants of the Greeks remain in Asia Minor . Those socalled , are partly of Tibeto-Caucasian stock , aud partly , possibly , of Iberian . Tho Amazons , or Tibeto-Caucasians , are represented in situ by Lazians , Suans or Tsanni , and Georgians . It is

possible that some of the hill tribes were allied to the other existing Caucasian nations . It is not here attempted to determine what the Khalubes were , but , in the main , they must have been ethnologically separate from the succeeding Amazon populations , and perhaps included earlier

aborigines mixed up Avith them . The natural key to a comprehension of Asia Minor in the Hellenic period , is India with Aryans in the north , and its Dravidians in the south , with Aryan speaking Dravidians , and wifcli the hilt tribes , of various physical features , speaking Aryan , Dravidian , ancl Tibeto-Caucasian languages , or mixtures of these , ancl possibly retaining relics of earlier languages .

It is particularly desirable to bear in mind these hill tribes , tributary , held as inferiors , barbarians , brutes , and outcasts , given to bloody superstitions and yet exercising an influence , by their own superstitions ou the superstitions of the inhabitants of the plain . Our Hon . Member , Mr . W .

W . Hunter , in the " Rural annals of Bengal , " shows that if the Aryans have influenced the non-Argans , so have the non-Aryans influenced them . At each epoch in Asia Minor the remnant of aborigines in the hills would be growing smaller , and approaching extinction because in tlie case

, of the smelters they were small in numbers under most circumstances , as their market Avas small , andAvhen a great manufacture sprang tip , thehills Avere filled Avith strangers , and also from to time the other races took refuge in the hills . The blood of the Khalubes may still flow in the veins

of some of the inhabitants of Lazistan , but their language and nationality must be lost , unless so fir as special relics may yet be identifiable .

It will be most convenient to proceed at once to treat the subject without building up step by step . ] . Beginning at the end we have the Khalubes of Xenophon in Pouttts , now Lazistan , among the mountains ( Xenoph . Anal , v . ) They Avorked iron ,

and formeily silver . Stephanus Byzantinus places Khalubes on the Thermodon , Avhich is supposed to be erroneous , but in Avhich he is very likely right . Pliny ( B . vi . ch . 19 ) speaks of Armeno-Khalubes to the east . These Avere very likely -an

eastern extension of smelting tribes . The statements of the later historians , that the Khalubes and the Chaktei Avere the same , is an

error . At Oonieh , formerly G 3 noe , in Pontus , in the neighbourhood of the Khalubes , Hamilton ( vol . i . p . 275 ) found people , a feAV years ago , Avorking iron Avith charcoal . This appears to have been htematite as in the Besh Parmak mountains . The

Oonieh iron was sent to Constantinople . 2 . Khalubes are placed by Herodotus ( B . i . 28 ) between the Mariandyni and Paphlagones , at that time in the empire of Crcesus . This has been contested , but it is most likely right . 3 . These Khalubes are possibly connected with

Pessinos , in Galatia , in the south . As this was a great temple of Cybele , I place here a tribe of Khalubes , represented by the Galli , priests of Cybele , AVIIO , it is to be observed , have no ethnological connection Avith the subsequent Gallic invaders .

4 . Khalubes in Phrygia generally as connected Avith the Avorship of Cybele . 5 . Daktyli , or Finger Khalubes , in the Five-Finger Mountains of Caria , opposite Tralles , to the south of the Maander river .

Tin ' s district , IIOAV called the Besh Parmak Mountains , is the place Avhere the Chingani , or Gypsys , are UOAV working htematite iron . AVith these were connected the Korubantes and Kurctes , priests of Cybele , in Mount Latmus , and the other mountains forming the termination of

the chain of Messogis . 6 . Idas ! Daktyli—Daktyls , or Fingers of Mount Ida—a colony of the Five Fingers , brouo'ht iu for the purpose of Avorking iron . There Avere possibly Daktyls ou Mount Sipylus , near Smyrnaa great shrine of Cybele .

, The foreign colonies or extensions Avere : — A . In Satnofchrace , Lemnos , and it is to be suspected , in the European districts from the names of Olympus . Samothrace was a great seat of Cy beh ' ne mysteries , and represented by the Kabeiri .

B . In Crete , a colony of Daktyls carried over by Mygdou , or Minos , aud Avho introduced the legends of Ida in Asia ( Diodorus Siculus , v . 64 ) . C . In Cyprus the Daktyls discovered iron ( Clemens Alexandrinus , Strom , i . p . 362 ) .

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